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Faculty of Health Sciences

Research Resources

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A Guide for the Design and Conduct of Self-Administered Surveys of Clinicians

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A Guide to Writing Case Reports for the Journal of Medical Case Reports and Biomed Central Research Notes

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A Practical Guide for Understanding Confidence Intervals and P Values

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A Practical Guide to Surveys and Questionnaires

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A Practical Guide to Understanding Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses

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A Practical Guide to Understanding Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses

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A Primer in Longitudinal Data Analysis

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Absence of Evidence is Not Evidence of Absence

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Absolute and Relative Risks

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Allocation Concealment

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Allocation Concealment versus Blinding in Randomised Controlled Trials

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Analysing Case Control Studies: Adjusting for Confounding

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Analysing Controlled Trials with Baseline and Follow Up Measurements

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Avoiding Bias in Observational Studies

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Basic Statistics for Clinicians 1: Hypothesis Testing

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Basic Statistics for Clinicians 2: Interpreting Study Results – Confidence Intervals

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Basic Statistics for Clinicians 3: Assessing the Effects of Treatment – Measures of Association

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Basic Statistics for Clinicians 4: Correlation and Regression

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Basic Structure and Types of Scientific Papers

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Bayesians and Frequentists

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Bias in Clinical Trials

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Blinding in Clinical Trials and Other Studies

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Bridging Clinical Investigators and Statisticians: Writing the Statistical Methodology for a Research Proposal

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Case Control Studies: Advantages and Disadvantages

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Checklist for Statistical Topics in Anesthesia Analgesia Reviews

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Choosing Statistical Tests

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Clinical Significance versus Statistical Significance

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Clinical Tests: Sensitivity and Specificity

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Clinical Trials: Units of Randomisation

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Cluster Randomised Controlled Trials

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Cohen’s Coefficient K

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Cohort Studies: History of the Method II. Retrospective Cohort Studies

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Combining Evidence from Clinical Trials

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Comparing Several Groups Using Analysis of Variance

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Comparisons within randomised groups can be very misleading

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Concealing Treatment Allocation in Randomised Trials

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Confidence Interval or P Value

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Confidence Intervals and Statistical Significance

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Confidence Intervals and Statistical Significance: Rules of Thumb

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Confounding in Clinical Trials

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Controlled Trials

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Convenience Sampling

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Critical Appraisal of Scientific Articles

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Cross-Sectional Studies: Advantages and Disadvantages

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Crossover Trials

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Data Analysis of Epidemiological Studies

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Descriptive Statistics

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Diagnostic Tests 1: Sensitivity and Specificity

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Diagnostic Tests 3: Receiver Operating Characteristic Plots

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Diagnostic Tests 4: Likelihood Ratios

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Effect Sizes

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Emerging Trends in Clinical Trial Design

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Equivalence and Noninferiority Testing in Anesthesiology Research

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Equivalence Trials

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Essential Elements of Questionnaire Design and Development

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Essential Elements of Questionnaire Design and Development

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Estimating the Mean and Variance from the Median Range and the Size of Sample

WEBSITE

Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects

WMA Declaration of Helsinki

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External and Internal Validity in Clinical Trials

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Generalisation and Extrapolation of Study Results

WEBSITE

Good Clinical Practice (GCP)

McMaster University

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Good Clinical Practice: Consolidated Guideline

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Good Practice in the Conduct and Reporting of Survey Research

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Hazards and Hazard Ratios

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How to Calculate Sample Size in Randomized Controlled Trials

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How to Conduct a Randomized Trial

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How to Design a Randomized Controlled Trial

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How to Obtain the Confidence Interval from a P Value

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How to Read a Forest Plot

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How to read a paper: Statistics for the non-statistician. I: Different Types of Data Need Different Statistical Tests

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How to read a paper: Statistics for the non-statistician. II: “Significant” relations and their pitfalls

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How to Write a Case Report for Publication

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How to Write a Good Abstract for a Scientific Paper or Conference Presentation

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How to Write a Scientific Paper: Writing the Methods Section

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How to Write the Methods Section of a Research Paper

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How to Write Your First Research Paper

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Improving Bioscience Research Reporting: The ARRIVE Guidelines for Reporting Animal Research

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Incidence Rates

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Interaction 3: How to Examine Heterogeneity

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Interaction Revisited: The Difference Between Two Estimates

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Invited Commentary: How to Write a Scientific Article

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It’s Still Plagiarism

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Judging a Plethora of p-Values

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Kaplan Meier Survival Curves: Interpretation and Communication of Risk

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Logistic Regression

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Measurement Method Comparison

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Meta Analyses: Heterogeneity and Subgroup Analysis

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Meta Analyses: How to Read a Funnel Plot

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Meta Analyses: Sources of Bias

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Meta Analyses: Standardised Mean Differences

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Meta Analyses: Tests of Heterogeneity

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Meta Analysis in Medical Research

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Meta Analysis: Neither Quick Nor Easy

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Missing Data

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Missing Outcomes in Randomised Trials

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Multiple Regression

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Multiple Significance Tests: The Bonferroni Method

WEBSITE

National Institutes of Health (NIH): Directives for Human Experimentation

Nuremberg Code (1947)

WEBSITE

National Institutes of Health: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the protection of human subjects of research

Belmont Report (1979)

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Nested Case Control Studies: Advantages and Disadvantages

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Non-Parametric Statistical Tests for Independent Groups – Numerical Data

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Non-Parametric Statistical Tests for Two Independent Groups – Numerical Data

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Number Needed to Harm

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Observational Studies and Predictive Models

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Observational Study Design

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Observational Study Design II

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Observational Study Designs

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Odds and Odds Ratios

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One Way Analysis of Variance

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Open Clinical Trials

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Optimizing Scholarly Communication: 30 Tips for Writing Clearly

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P Values or Confidence intervals?

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Parametric Statistical Tests for Independent Groups: Numerical Data

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Parametric Statistical Tests for Two Related Groups: Numerical Data

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Parametric v Non Parametric Statistical Tests

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Pearson’s Correlation coefficient

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Pitfalls of Statistical Hypothesis Testing: Type I and Type II Errors

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Placebo Controlled Trials

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Posing The Research Question: Not So Simple

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Practical Guide to Choosing an Appropriate Data Display

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Practical Guide to Understanding Multivariable Analyses: Part A

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Practical Guides to Understanding Sample Size and Minimal Clinically-Important Difference (MCID)

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Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses: The PRISMA Statement

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Preparing a Manuscript for Submission

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Preparing Effective Illustrations Part 1: Graphs

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Preparing Effective Illustrations Part 2: Photographs, Images and Diagrams

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Presentation of Numerical Data

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Prospective Cohort Studies: Advantages and Disadvantages

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Quality Not Just Quantity: The Role of Qualitative Methods in Anesthesia Research

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Quartiles, Quintiles, Centiles and Other Quantities

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Questionnaire Surveys

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Questionnaire surveys: sources of bias

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Randomised Controlled Trials with Full Factorial Designs

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Randomised Controlled Trials: Evaluating and Communicating Treatment Effects

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Randomised Controlled Trials: Internal versus External Validity

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Randomized Controlled Trials: Part 17 of a Series on Evaluation of Scientific Publications

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Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves

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Regression Towards the Mean

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Relative Risks versus Odds Ratios

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Reporting Guidelines for Survey Research: An Analysis of Published Guidance and Reporting Practices

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Research Questions, Hypotheses and Objectives

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Residents’ and Program Directors’ Attitudes Toward Research During Anesthesiology Training: A Canadian Perspective

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Review Article: Medical Education Research – An Overview of Methods

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Review Article: Reporting Guidelines in the Biomedical Literature

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Sample Size Calculation in Clinical Trials

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Sample Size Calculations in Randomised Trials: Mandatory and Mystical

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Sample Size Calculations: Basic Principles and Common Pitfalls

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Sample Size Calculations: Should the Emperor’s Clothes Be Off the Peg or Made to Measure?

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Sample Size for Beginners

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Sample Size: How Many Participants are Needed in a Trial

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Screening

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Selection Bias versus Allocation Bias

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Sham Treatments

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Simple Linear Regression

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SPIRIT 2013 Statement: Defining Standard Protocol Items for Clinical Trials

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Standard Deviations and Standard Errors

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Statistical Analysis of Correlated Data Using Generalized Estimating Equations: An Orientation

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Statistical and Clinical Significance and How to Use Confidence Intervals to Help Interpret Both

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Statistical Guidelines for Contributors to Medical Journals

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Statistical Pearls III: The Most Likely Interpretation

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Statistical Reviewing for Medical Journals

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Statistical Tests for Independent Groups: Categorical Data

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Statistical Tests for Independent Groups: Time to Event Data

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Statistics and Ethics in Medical Research VIII: Improving the Quality of Statistics in Medical Journals

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Statistics at Square One III: Standard Deviation

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Statistics for the Reader: What to Ask Before Believing the Results

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Statistics I: Data and Correlations

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Statistics II: Central Tendency and Spread of Data

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Statistics III: Probability and Statistical Tests

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Statistics in Anaesthesia – Part I: Anaesthesia Tutorial of the Week

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Statistics IV: Interpreting the Results of Statistical Tests

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Statistics V: Introduction to Clinical Trials and Systematic Reviews

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Statistics: A Brief Overview

WEBSITE

Status of Anesthesiology Resident Research Education in the United States: Structured Education Programs Increase Resident Research Productivity

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Stratified Random Allocation

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Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies

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Study Design in Clinical Research: Sample Size Estimation and Power Analysis

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Study Design in Medical Research

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Survival Analysis

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Systematic Literature Reviews and Meta Analyses

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Systematic Reviews: The Case for Rigorous Methods and Rigorous Reporting

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The Case for Structuring the Discussion of Scientific Papers

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The CONSORT Statement: Revised Recommendations for Improving the Quality Reports of Parallel Group Randomized Trials

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The Cost of Dichotomising Continuous Variables

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The Hawthorne Effect

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The Importance of Statistical Power

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The Normal Distribution

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The Placebo Effect

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The Purpose of Control Groups

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Time to Event (survival) Data

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Tips for writing a successful CIHR Grant Application or Request for Renewal

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Title and Title Page

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Transformations Means and Confidence Intervals

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Treatment Allocation by Minimisation

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Treatment Allocation in Trials: Block Randomisation

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Tutorial in Biostatistics Meta Analysis: Formulating, Evaluating, Combining and Reporting

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Tutorial in Biostatistics Using the General Linear Mixed Model to Analyse Unbalanced Repeated Measures and Longitudinal Data

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Tutorial in Biostatistics: Handling Drop-Out in Longitudinal Studies

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Tutorials in Clinical Research Part III: Selecting a Research Approach to Best Answer a Clinical Question

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Tutorials in Clinical Research Part IV: Recognizing and Controlling Bias

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Tutorials in Clinical Research Part VII: Understanding Comparative Statistics (contrast) | Part A – General Concepts of Statistical Significance

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Types of Study in Medical Research

WEBSITE

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services (HHS): Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the protection of human subjects of research

Belmont Report (1979)

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Understanding Statistical Hypothesis Testing

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Undertaking a Literature Review: A Step-by-Step Approach

WEBSITE

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM): The Doctor’s Trial (The Medical Case of Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings)

Nuremberg Code (1947)

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Using the General Linear Mixed Model to Analyse Unbalanced Repeated Measures and Longitudinal Data

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Validating Scales and Indexes

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Variables Sample Estimates and Population Parameters

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VII: Statements of Probability

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VIII: Differences Between Means

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What Are Odds?

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What Are The Four Phases of Clinical Research Trials?

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What is a Crossover Trial

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What is a P Value?

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What is a Superiority Trial

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What is Intention to Treat Analysis

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What is Meta Analysis

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What is Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

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What is Standard Error of the Mean?

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Why Match in Case Control Studies

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Why Randomise in Clinical Trials

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Writing a Case Report

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Writing a Systematic Review

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Writing for Publication: A Guide for New Authors

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Writing the Discussion

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Writing the Results

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XI: The t Tests

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XIII – The t Tests

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XIV: The Chi Tests

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XVII: Some Non-Parametric Tests

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Zelen S Design